Coronary Heart Disease Information
Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to cardiac muscle and surrounding tissue. It is already the most common form of disease affecting the heart and an important cause of premature death in Europe, the Baltic states, Russia, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. It has been predicted that all regions of the world will be affected by 2020.[1]
It is most commonly equated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, but coronary disease can be due to other causes, such as coronary vasospasm.[2] It is possible for the stenosis to be caused by the spasm.[3]
Contents |
Signs and symptoms
Coronary heart disease may be asymptomatic. If not, symptoms can include:
- Chest heaviness
- Dyspnea
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Angina
Myocardial infarction is a complication of coronary disease. It is sometimes classified as a symptom.[4][5]
Causes
Coronary artery disease, the most common type of coronary disease, which has no clear etiology, has many risk factors, including smoking, radiotherapy to the chest, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.[6]
Also, having a Type A behavior pattern, a group of personality characteristics including time urgency and competitiveness, is linked to an increased risk of coronary disease.[7]
Treatment
Lifestyle changes
Lifestyle changes that may be useful in coronary disease include.
- Weight control
- Smoking cessation
- Exercise
- Healthy diet[8] Over the past 50 years, doctors have recommended the reduction of animal based foods and an increase in plant based foods.[9] However, many doctors have argued that it is an excess of carbohydrates, not animal fats[10] [11] [12], which cause coronary heart disease and have recommended eating more animal fat.[citation needed]
Medications to treat coronary disease
- Cholesterol lowering medications, such as statins, are useful to decrease the amount of "bad" (LDL) cholesterol.[citation needed]
- Nitroglycerin
- ACE inhibitors, which treat hypertension and may lower the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction[citation needed]
- Calcium channel blockers and/or beta-blockers
- Aspirin[8]
Surgical intervention
- Angioplasty
- Stents (bare-metal or drug-eluding)
- Coronary artery bypass[8]
- Heart Transplant
References
- ^ Boon NA, Colledge NR, Walker BR and Hunter JAA (2006). Davidson's Principles & Practice of Medicine, 20th Edition. Churchill Livingstone
- ^ Williams MJ, Restieaux NJ, Low CJ (February 1998). "Myocardial infarction in young people with normal coronary arteries". Heart 79 (2): 191–4. PMID 9538315. PMC 1728590. http://heart.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9538315.
- ^ Rezkalla SH, Kloner RA (October 2007). "Cocaine-induced acute myocardial infarction". Clin Med Res 5 (3): 172–6. doi:10.3121/cmr.2007.759. PMID 18056026. PMC 2111405. http://www.clinmedres.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18056026.
- ^ https://health.google.com/health/ref/Coronary+heart+disease
- ^ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/coronary-artery-disease/DS00064/DSECTION=symptoms
- ^ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/coronary-artery-disease/DS00064/DSECTION=causes
- ^ McCann, 2001, the precocity-longevity hypothesis: earlier peaks in career achievement predict shorter lives. Personality & Social psychology bulletin, 27, 1429-1439; Rhodewalt & Smith, 1991, current issues in Type A behaviour, coronary proneness, and coronary heart disease. In C.R. Snyder & D.R.Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology (pp.197-220) New York: Pergamon
- ^ a b c http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/coronary-artery-disease/DS00064/DSECTION=treatments%2Dand%2Ddrugs
- ^ morrison l m "diet in coronary artherosclerosis" JAMA 173; 1960; p884-888
- ^ Mente A, de Koning L, Shannon HS, Anand SS "A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease.", Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada, April 13, 2009. "pdf"
- ^ Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM "Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease.", Children's Hospital, Oakland Research Institute Oakland, CA, USA, Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar;91(3):535-46. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
- ^ "Fats and Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition", Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Geneva, November 2008, "Free Online Access (pdf's)"
Categories: Cardiovascular diseases
|
Noun
coronary heart disease (uncountable) (abbreviation CHD)- (pathology, cardiology) Any disease caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the myocardium.